Prep the shrimp: Pat shrimp dry with paper towels. In a bowl, toss with olive oil, smoked paprika, garlic powder, salt, and pepper. Set aside for 5 minutes while you heat the air fryer.
Preheat: Heat the air fryer to 400°F (200°C) for 3–4 minutes. Lightly spray the basket or line with a small piece of foil and poke a few holes for airflow.
Air fry the shrimp: Arrange shrimp in a single layer. Cook for 4–6 minutes, flipping once halfway, until just opaque and pink. Remove to a plate. Do not overcook.
Make the sauce: In a small skillet over medium heat, melt butter. Add minced garlic and cook for 30–45 seconds until fragrant (not browned).
Create the cream base: Pour in heavy cream. Simmer gently for 1–2 minutes to thicken slightly, stirring often.
Add cheese and brightness: Stir in Parmesan until melted and smooth. Add lemon zest, lemon juice, and a pinch of red pepper flakes if using. Taste and adjust salt and pepper.
Combine: Add cooked shrimp to the pan and toss to coat. Warm for 30 seconds, just until heated through.
Finish and serve: Stir in parsley. Serve immediately over pasta, rice, or with toasted bread. Spoon extra sauce on top.